wowen politics : a male thought

h\n-X-I-fpsS cmjv{Sobw:

Nne ]pcpj Nn´-IÄ

tUm: im^n AÐpà kplqcn

************************

Vanithakalude Rashtreeyam:

Anivaryatayude Islamika chinta (Malayalam)

by Dr. Shafi Abdulla Zuhoori
Publishers: Faithy Feminine, Mukkam
ph: 9946535326, 9645308516
(Under IIMS Kuttikkattur, Calicut. Ph: 0495-3256236)
DTP: Hidayath Manjeri
rights reseved with author
Rupees : Ten
********************

   \_n(-k)sb Bß-\m-b-\mbn ImW-sh-X-s¶-bmWv Xm³ h\nXm cmjv{So-b-¯n\p th­n Fgp-Xp-Ibpw hmZn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-sX¶pw A\n-hm-cy-X-bpsS Ckvem-anI Bhn-jvI-cWw Xs¶-bmWv h\n-X-I-fpsS cmjv{Sob {]th-i-\-sa¶pw ]pXnb kDuZn h\n-Xm-a{´n jÀao³ Dss_Zv Nnt\mbv ]d-bp-¶p.1 Ncn-{X-¯n-em-Zy-ambn kDuZn ]mÀe-saân A[n-Imc AwKXzw e`n¨ Cu h\nX ]s£ Ata-cn-¡³ XmÂ]-cy-§Ä¡v th­n-bm-bn-cn¡pw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I-sb-¶mWv Cdm-\n-b³ h\nXm tPÀWepw Ie-bnepw imkv{X-¯nepw anI¨ {]_-Ô-§Ä {]kn-²oI-cn-¡p-¶-h-cp-amb alvPq_-bpsS {]hÀ¯-IÀ {]Xn-I-cn-¨-Xv.2 ]mÝm-Xy-hn-Zym-`ym-k-§fpw en_-d-enÌv ktµ-i-§-fpÅ kn\n-a-I-fpsS \nÀ½m-WhpsaÃmw ap³\nÀ¯n-s¡m-­mWv ChÀ ]pXnb Ata-cn-¡³ t\man-\n-bm-sW¶v Cdm-\nepw kpUm-\n-ep-apÅ Ckvem-anI hmZn-IÄ hnaÀin-¡p-Ibpw {]Xn-tj-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xv.3 Cusbmcp kml-N-cy-¯n apkvenw h\nXm cmjv{So-b-¯nsâ NÀ¨ BtKm-f-X-e-¯n {]k-àn-bp-Å-Xm-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. t_\-koÀ `qt«m, ssiJv lko-\, _oKw Jmen-Zm-knb XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS cmjv-{Sob {]th-i-\-§-tfmSv _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n Ccp-]Xv hÀj-§Ä¡v aps¼-bmWv Aev]-sa-¦nepw A´ÀtZ-iob kz`m-h-apÅ C¯cw Hcp NÀ¨ h¶n-cp-¶-Xv. ]n¶oSv _lp-`m-cy-Xzw, lnPm-_v, \nJm-_v, kv{XoI-fpsS sXmgn XpS-§nb NÀ¨-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu cwKw kPo-h-am-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Ignª A©v hÀj-§-tfm-f-ambn Ban\m hZq-Znsâ Xncp-¯Â hmZ-§fpw kv{Xo akvPnZpw Cam-a¯pw Ppap-Abpw hZq-Znsâ Xs¶ JpÀ-B³ tI{µo-IrX ]T-\-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-bn-eq-sSbpw apkvenw kv{Xo kPo-h-NÀ¨-bn h¶n-cp-¶p. ]s£ Ah-cpsS cmjv{Sob {]th-i-\hpw Ckvem-anI ho£-Whpw kw_-Ôn¨ Hcp temIm-Sn-Øm\ hnhm-Z-§tfm {]Xn-I-c-W-§tfm D­mbncp-¶n-Ã. Ct¸mÄ iÀao-\nsâ cwK-{]-th-i-\-t¯msS AXn\pw Ah-k-c-am-bn. FÃmw \Ã-Xn-\v. ]pXnb temI-¯n\v Ckvem-ansâ ]pXp-a-I-fpsS Bi-b-temIw BhÀ¯n¨p kaÀ¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-§-fm¡n \man-Xns\ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

jÀao³ hmÀ¯ h¶-tXmsS aq¶v Znh-kw-sIm­v aqhm-bn-c-t¯mfw {]Xn-I-c-W-§fpw {]_-Ô-§fpw CâÀs\-änepw hmÀ¯m am[y-a-§-fnepw h¶p-I-gn-ªp. kDuZn tZiob cmjv{Sob A\n-hm-cy-X-sb-b-Ã, {]hm-N-Iob ZÀi-\-¯nsâXs¶ A\n-hm-cy-X-bmWv kv{Xo cmjv{So-b-sa¶v sjÀao³ ]d-ªp-I-f-ªp. ap³]-dª aq¶v h\n-X-Ifpw C¯-c-¯n Ah-cpsS A[n-Im-c-s¯ \ymbo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. CtXm-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v Ckvem-anI s^an-\n-k-¯nsâ ssk_À NÀ¨-I-fn CÆn-jbw NqSpÅ Nn´-IÄ¡v Xncn-sIm-fp-¯n. A§-s\-sbmcp {]tbm-K-s¯-Xs¶ Cã-s¸-Sm-¯-hcpw ]Iz-amb Ckvem-anI \ne-]m-sS-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cp-amb ssItdm bqWn-th-gvknän Ckvem-anIv knhn-sse-tk-j³ s{]m^-kÀ tUm: Dssaa A_q-_-¡À A`n-{]mbw ]d-ªXn§s\ ""kv{XobpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn, Ah-fpsS Imh-em-fmbn ]pcp-j³ ]mÀe-saân-ep-s­-¦n AXp-sIm-­v aXn-bm-¡-emWv Ckvemw. ]s£ C¶v km[m-cW Pohn-¯n t]mepw Ahsf Ah³ kwcw-£n-¡p-¶nà F¶p-Ån-S¯v Ahsâ hnShv \nI-¯m³ kv{Xo¡v D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw GÂt¡-­n-h-cp-¶p. ]pcpj t\Xr-Xz-¯n sNt¿­ aX-IÀ½-§-fn t]mepw Ah-\n-Ãm¯ A\n-hm-cy-Xbn Ahsf A\p-h-Zn-¡p¶ {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw hnim-e-X-bp-am-WtÃm Ckvemw''4 hfsc Nn´mÀl-amb ]pcp-j-temI hnNn-´-\-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-tI-­-XmWv Cu ]ÞnXbmb s{]m^-k-dpsS hm¡p-IÄ. kv{Xo A[n-Im-c-¯n h¶p-Iq-sS¶v ]d-bm³ ]pcp-j-·mÀ ipjvIm´n ImWn-¡p-¶p. AXn\v Ckvem-anI {]am-W-§sf Iq«p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶p. ]s£ Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä¡p th­n ]pcp-j-\³ \ne-sIm-Åm¯ kml-N-cys¯ AhÄ¡v AhÄXs¶ kzbw amÀ¤-am-bn-¯o-tc-­-XntÃ? F¶ tNmZy-¯n\v FSp-¯p-NmSn adp-]-Sn-]-d-bm³ X¡-h-®w kv{XoIsf ]cn-K-Wn¨ Hcp ]pcp-j-k-aq-ls¯bà \mw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.-Xsâ BZn-h-N-\-§Ä apX¡pXs¶ kv{Xosb DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m­v JpÀ-B-\nI Bi-b-tem-Is¯ sI«n-¸-Sp-¡m-\mWv AÃmlp {ian-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. kqd: A Ae-Jnsâ BZyw Cd-¡-s¸« ]©-kq-à-§Ä CXn\v sXfn-hm-W-Wv. JeJ C³km\ an³ AeJv F¶-Xn\v a\p-jys\ Ae-Jn \n¶v krjvSn¨p F¶mWv ]cn-`m-j. A«-sb-t¸m-epÅ cà-]n-Þw F¶-XmWv CXn\v \ÂIp¶ Hcp `mjmÀ°w.

5 ]s£ BZn-kqàw BZn t{kmX-Êns\ ]d-ªn-«nà F¶Xv ap^-Êndp-Isf Gsd Nn´n-¸n¨ hnj-b-am-Wv. AXm-bXv ]pcpj _oP-¯nÂ\n¶v krjvSn¨p Ft¶m atäm Iptd-¡qSn BZym-h-Ø-bn-te¡v F´p-sIm­v ]d-ªnà F¶ Nn´-bpsS D¯-c-ambpw Camw \Pvap-±o-\pÀdm-kn(d)s\t¸m-ep-Å-hÀ ]d-ªXv A§-s\-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ kv{Xo]-cn-K-W\ hcm-¯-Xp-sIm-­mWv F¶m-Wv.6 ]pcp-j-_oPw am{X-am-bm a\pjy krjvSn-\-S-¡n-Ã. IqsS kv{XobpsS AÞw-IqSn tbmNn-¨p-h-c-Ww. At¸mÄ ]pcp-jþ kv{Xo k½n{i t{kmX-Êns\ a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-bpsS aqe-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-\mWv AÃmlp B{K-ln-¨-Xv. k{Xosb ad-¶p-sIm-­pÅ Hcp hN\ kaÀ¸W kz`mhw Ah-\nà F¶p-Np-cp-¡w. XpSÀ¶-t§m«v JpÀ-B³ DS-\ofw Cu ho£-W-¯n-eqsS ]Tn-¨m Hcp-Imcyw a\-Ên-em-Ipw. AÃm-lp-hnsâ Jeo-^-bmbn Pohn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS bYmÀ° ]pcp-j-\m-bn-¯o-cp¶ GsXm-cmfpw kv{Xosb ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm-­mWv B ]Z-hnsb \ne-\nÀt¯-­Xpw AXn hnP-bn-t¡-­-Xpw.

\_n(-k)-bpsS hN-\-§-fn-ep-S-\ofw taÂ]dª Bi-b-¯nsâ hymJym-\-cq-]-§Ä ImWmw. Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn lZo-kns\ hni-I-e\w sNbvXm {]hm-N-I-\mb tijw BZy-ambn \_n-h-N\ kaÀ¸-Wp-­m-Ip-¶Xv a\p-jy-cnÂ\n¶v h\n-X-I-fn-te-¡m-Wv. ae-¡nÂ\n¶v Pn_vcoÂ(-A)-te-¡pw. AXm-bXv kqd: A Ae-Jnsâ ktµ-i-hp-ambn lndm-Kp-l-bn A\p-{K-ln-¡-s¸« ka-b-am-WtÃm {]hm-N-IXz eÏn-bpsS _mlyhpw B[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb kµÀ`w. sIm¨p-¶m-fn-te-Xs¶ Pn_vcoÂ(-A)sâ km¶n-[yhpw Znhy-h-N-\-§-fm-epÅ A\p{Klhpw asäm-cp ]mÝm-¯e¯n \_n(-k)-¡p-­v. ]s£ hlvbp-¯-ivco-Av8 F¶ \ne-bn-epÅ HutZym-Kn-Ihpw ZuXym-ß-I-hp-amb Znhy-Úm\ e_vZn \mÂ]-Xm-as¯ hb-Ên-ep-Å-Xm-Wv. taÂ]-dª ]©-kqà kaÀ¸-W-am-W-Xnsâ Ncn{X \nan-jw. At¸mÄ \_n-h-N\w F¶ AÀ°-¯n ]d-bm-hp¶ HutZym-KnI hN-\-§Ä Ahn-sS-ap-X¡p-Å-Xm-Wv. F¦n AXmZyw samgn-ªXv Pn_vcoÂ(-A)-t\m-Sm-Wv. ""F\n¡v hmbn-¡m-\-dn-bnÃ'' F¶ kXy-h-N-\-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. tijw Cu hnip² {]hm-N-I-\nÂ\n¶v \_n-h-N-\-ambn ]pd-s¸-Sp-¶Xv JZo-P-_o-hn(-d)-bn-te-¡m-Wv. AXpw Ign-ªmWv ]pcpj kaq-l-¯n-te-s¡-¯n-b-Xv. Ckvem-anI kzoI-c-W-§fpw aäpw A§-s\-¯-s¶. XpSÀ¶-t§m«v \_n(-k)-bpsS PohnXw apgps¡ kv{Xosb {]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm-­pÅ Hcp Pohn-X-am-Wp-­m-b-Xv. hnizm-kn-IÄ F¶À°w hcp¶ apAvan\o³ F¶ {]tbmKw kv{XoI-sf¡qSn DÄs]-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv. ]s£ apAvan\m¯v F¶v FSp-¯p-]-d-ªp-sIm­pÅ coXn Xncp-ta-\n-bn btYjvSw ImWmw. kv{Xo a\-Ênsâ hI-t`-X-§Ä, Ah-cnse `ÀXr taml-§Ä XpS-§n-b-hsb Ipdn¨v Ckvem-anIv ^osa-bn sskt¡m-fPn ]T-\-§Ä [mcmfw h¶n-«p-­v.

9 CÂap-¶-^vkn-bm-¯p-¶n-km-Av F¶ t]cn CXp-kw-_-Ô-ambn lnPvd aq¶mw \qäm-­nÂXs¶ {KÙ cN\ \S-¶n-«p-­v. {]hm-N-I-sshZy imkv{X-¯nse apJy-t{km-X-Êp-I-fn-sem-¶mb A¯zn-ºp-¶-_-hn¿v en Camw amPn-Zp-Êlven lnPvd \memw \qäm-­n cNn-¡-s¸« hnJymX {KÙ-am-Wv. 2006þ tdm_À«v l­v FUn-ä-dm-bn-s¡m­v aX-k-aq-l-§-fnse sshZy-]m-c-¼-cy-§sf t{ImUo-I-cn-¡m-\pÅ {iaw bpssW-äUv sat¯m-UnÌv NÀ¨v \S-¯p-I-bp-­m-bn. Cu {KÙ-¯nsâ ssIsb-gp-¯p-tc-J-Isf Ah-ew-_n¨v \ho\ Ad_n `mjm-hÂI-c-W-t¯msS AX-hÀ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶p. AXnsâ ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw `mKw at\m tcmK-§sf Ipdn-¨mWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv.10 AXnÂXs¶ an¡-hmdpw kv{Xoa-\Êv, AXnsâ alm iàn-IÄ, hyXn-N-e-\-§Ä, tcmK-Nn-In-Õ, acp-¶p-\nÀ½m-Ww, Iu¬kn-en§v XpS-§n-b-hsb Ipdn-s¨Ãmw ]d-bp-¶p. A¯zn-ºp D½-lm¯v F¶-t]-cn {]hm-N-I-ssh-Zy-¯n ]Tn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ NnInÕm coXn-I-fpsS11 apJy t{kmX-Êmb \mepw aq¶pw \qäm-­p-I-fn cNn-¡-s¸« Ckvem-anI kv{Xoa\:imkv{X NnInÕm {KÙ-§sf Ipdn¨pw AXn ]cm-aÀi-§-fp­v. AXn Nne `mK-§Ä hmbn¨v C¸-dª FUn-ädpw Iq«-cpw-Xs¶ AÛp-X-s¸-«p-t]m-b-s{X. \^vkv, dqlv, lbm-¯v, \^vkm\n XpS-§nb hnj-b-§-fn-seÃmw hfsc Bg-¯n-epÅ B[n-Im-cn-I-amb {]hm-N-Iob Úm\-§Ä ]pcp-j-·m-cmb kzlm-_n-I-tf-¡mÄ kv{XoIÄ¡m-Ws{X e`n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. kzlolv _pJmcn AS-§p¶ {]am-W-§fpw CXp-X-s¶-bmWv ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv.12 lJm-C-JpÀdq-lv, CÂap-¶^vkv C\-¯nÂs]« an¡ lZo-kp-I-fp-sSbpw dnt¸mÀ«v Bbn-i-_o-hn(-d) -A-S-§p¶ al-Xn-I-fm-W-tÃm. ChnsSsbÃmw {]hm-N-Iob Pnhn-X-¯n kv{Xo]-cn-K-W\ F{X-am-{X-am-bn-cp¶p F¶-XmWv hmbn-¡m³ ]äp-¶-Xv. F¦n C¶v \½psS \mSp-I-fnse cmjv{Sobþ kmaq-lnI ØnXnKXn-IÄ t\m¡p-I. kv{Xo hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-\pÅ `c-W-L-S\m\p-kr-X-apÅ kwh-cW hyh-Ø-IÄ 30% t]mepw Ct¸mgpw ]men-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã.13 apkvenw kaq-l-¯nsâ Imcyhpw CÆn-j-b-¯n Ckvem-anI ASn-Øm\ kz`m-h-§-fn-te¡v C\nbpw h¶n«nÃ. s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡v h\nXm A[ym-]-I-cmÂXs¶ \S-¯-s¸-Sp¶ Iem-e-b-§Ä C\nbpw ]nd-¶n-«n-Ã. AXn-\p-th­ cmjv{Sob CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ hfsc {]mY-an-I-amb \ne-bnÂt]mepw XpS-§n-bn-«p-X-s¶-bn-Ã. C§-s\-bp-Ån-S¯v C\nbpw X§Ä¡p-th­n ]pcp-j-·mÀ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sImÅpw F¶-hÀ Icp-Xn-bn-cn-¡-Wtam AX-Ã, AhÀXs¶ Ah-cpsS Ah-Imi kam-l-c-W-§Ä¡p th­n {]hÀ¯n-¡-Wtam F¶-XmWv kPo-h-ambn NÀ¨ sNt¿­ Hcp hnj-bw.

lnPvd ]Xn-s\m¶mw \qäm-­n-sem-gn¨v ap³I-gnª apgp-k-aq-l-¯nepw ]Þn-X-I-fmb alXo cXv\-§-fm cNn-¡-s¸« {KÙ-§fpw Øm]n-¡-s¸« Iem-e-b-§fpw sIm­v kw]p-jvS-amWv Ckvem-anI temIw. AC-½-¯p AÀ_-A-bpsS apJy Kpcp-\m-Y-IÄ ]ecpw kv{XoI-fm-bn-cp-¶p. AJvXm-_p AÀ_A: bpsS Úm\-t{kmm-X-Êp-Ifnepw h\n-X-I-fp-­v.14 Jpe-^m-D AÀ_A:bpsS Imcyw ]ns¶ ]d-bp-Ibpw th­. DaÀ(-d)-hnsâ {][m\ Kpcp-\mY in^m _n³Xp AÐp-Ã(d)-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ch-cpsS apgp-h³ BZÀihpw ASn-Øm-\-hp-amb \_n(-k)-bpsS Gähpw BZys¯ Kpcp-XpÃy {]tNm-ZI JZoP _ohn(-d)-bm-bn-cp-¶p. `mcy-amsc Úm\ kJn-I-fmbn hfÀ¯Ww F¶ PohnX ho£-Ws¯ apt¶m-«p-sh¨ Hcp ]pcp-j\pw \_n(-k)-sb-t¸mse thsd-bn-Ã. F¦n-e-Xp-X-s¶-bmWv ]pcp-j-Xz-¯nsâ ASn-kvXm-\w. C¡mcyw Xsâ hnS-hm-§Â {]kw-K-¯n t]mepw \_n(-k) DWÀ¯n-bn-«p-­v. F¦n C¯-c-¯n-epÅ ]pcp-jXzw kq£n¡p¶ Bfp-I-fpsS cmjv{Sobw kv{XoIÄ¡v F¼m-Spw-a-Xn. ]s£ AX-kvX-an-¡p-¶n-S¯v kv{XoI-sf-´p-sN¿pw F¶-Xn\v D¯cw \ÂIm³ Ign-bp-¶n-sÃ-¦n Ckvem-anI {]mtbm-Kn-IXm hmZ-§Ä¡v AXv henb Xncn-¨-Sn-X-s¶-bm-Ipw.Ncn{Xw ho­pw BhÀ¯n-¡p-bm-Wv. CkvemanI Úm\-temIw kv{XoI-fn-eqsS kPo-h-am-Ip¶ Hcp ImgvN Atd-_y³, ]mÝm-Xy³ {]hn-iy-I-fnÂ\n¶v \mw I­p-h-cp-¶p. Ata-cn-¡³ h\n-X-I-fnÂ\n¶v JpÀ-B³ hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-Ibpw Ccp-]-XnÂ]cw Ckvem-anI {KÙ-§Ä {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX tUm:emse `àn-bmÀ cNn¨ k»nw JpÀ-B³ F¶ {KÙs¯ Ipdn¨v \qdp¡W¡n\v ]T-\-§-fmWv h¶p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

15 ]mÝmXy kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bn Ckvem-anIv sskt¡m-f-Pn, Ckvem-anIv B{´-t¸m-f-Pn, Ckvem-anIv tkmäo-cn-tbm-fPn XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fn-seÃmw h\nXm Kth-j-IÀ apt¶-dn-s¡m-­n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]s£ A§-s\-sbm-s¡-bm-bn-S¯pw Cu ]Þn-X-I-fn an¡-hÀ¡pw sshÚm-\nI {]tNm-Z-\-ambn Ah-cpsS `À¯m-¡-·mtcm IpSpw-_-§tfm hÀ¯n-¨n-«nà F¶ hmÀ¯ sR«-ep-­m-¡pw. ]T-\-¯n kPo-h-ambn apt¶-dsh I¨-hS hnhm-l-§Ä¡v Cc-bm-¡-s¸« At\Iw bph-Xn-IÄ \½psS \m«n-ep-­v. ]e-cp-sSbpw KÄ^v taml-§Ä¡pÅ _en-bm-Sp-I-fm-bn-cp¶p AhÀ. hnk-ss¸-k¡v th­n sI«n-bn-S-s¸« AhÀ ]n¶oSv `À¯m-hpÅ hn[-h-sb¶ sshcp-[ym-h-Ø-bn Pohn-¡p-¶p. \ã-s¸« hnZym-`ymkw A\u-]-Nm-cnI ¢mkp-IÄ¡pw aäpw t]mbn hos­-Sp-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶p. F¦nÂ]ns¶ GXÀ°-¯n-emWv kv{XoI-fpsS sshÚm-\nI Ah-k-c-§Ä¡pw AXn-\p-th­ cmjv{Sob ]cn-k-c-§Ä¡pw th­n AhÄ cwK-¯p-h-c-cpXv F¶p\mw ]d-bp-¶Xv?

im^nCu ^nJvlv {]Imcw kv{Xo¡m-h-iy-amb hnÚm\w/ Bßob kwkvI-c-Ww, km¼-¯nI kpc-£, ssewKnI kwXr]vXn F¶o aq¶p-Im-cy-§Ä ]pcp-j-\nÂ\n¶v \nÀ_Ô ]qÀÆw kv{Xo¡v sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-t¡-­-Xm-Wv.16 F¦n CXn BZyIm-cy-¯n `oI-c-amb A\m-Ø-bmWv ]pcj kaqlw ImWn-¨-Xv. Ah³ Kpcp-hm-Ip-Itbm AsÃ-¦n aäp Úm\ kml-N-cy-§-fp-­m-¡p-Itbm sNt¿-­Xv \nÀÆ-ln-¨n-Ã. hÀj-¯n \mep-Zn-hkw Ah-\-S-§p¶ ]Åp-¡-½n-än-Itfm atäm Hcp-¡p¶ kZ-Êp-I-fm-hs« kv{XobpsS Zm\-io-es¯ em¡m-¡n-bp-ÅXv am{X-hp-am-Wv. AX-sÃ-¦n \in¨ {Kq¸n-ks¯ e£yw sh¨p-Å-Xpw. c­m-aXv ]dª km¼-¯nI kpc-£-bpsS Imcy-¯n-emWv NneÀs¡-¦nepw \ymbw ]d-bm-\p-Å-Xv. aq¶m-aXv Imcyw alm A_-²-am-sW¶v sskt¡m sXdm¸n, skIvtkm-fPn cwK-¯p-Å-h-cpsS kÀtÆ ImWn-¡p-¶p. `À¯m-¡-·mÀ kzmÀ°-amb ssewKnI kpJw-t\-Sp-¶-X-ÃmsX kv{Xo¡v AXym-h-iy-amb ssewKnI kwXr-]vXnsb \ÂIm³ an¡hÀ¡pw Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. C§-s\-bpÅ Hcp kml-N-cy-¯n CXn-t\m-S-\p-_-Ô-ambn hcp¶ kmaq-lnI kpc-£-bn-te¡pw Cu ]T\w \ofp-I-bm-sW-¦n Ahn-S-§-fnepw kv{Xo {Iqc-amb Ah-K-W-\-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-am-Ip-I-Xs¶ sN¿p-¶p. F¦n Chn-sS-bm-bWv tUm: Dssaa A_p-_-¡-dnsâ tNmZyw {]k-à-am-Ip-¶-Xv. kv{Xo¡p-th­n ]pcp-j-\n-Ãm-Xm-Ip-t¼mÄ kv{XoXs¶ ]pcp-j-\m-tI­ A\n-hm-cy-Xsb Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-¡ntà F¶v. ""F¦n icn kv{XoIÄ cwK-¯p-h-cs«'' F¶ ]n³hm-§Âa-\-Ênsâ D¯-c-¯n\p th­n-bà C{Xbpw ]d-ª-Xv. Ckvem-anI ]mc-¼-cy-§fpw {]am-W-§fpw kv{XoI-fpsS cmjv{Sob {]th-i-\-¯n\v A\p-Iq-eX \ÂIn-bn-«n-Ã. Ah-fnse Gähpw henb kz¯p-¡-fmb hnizm-kw, A¨-S-¡w, Úm\-ti-jn, ]cn-ip-²n, At\z-jW a\-kvI-X, _lp-am-\w, amXr-`m-hw, [ym\w, Kpcp-Xzw, ]cn-{i-aw, ssZhnI kwXr]vXn, eÖ XpS-§n-b-h-s¡Ãmw {]Xn-Iqe km[y-X-Isf £Wn-¨p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw A§s\ kzXz XIÀ¨¡v Imc-W-am-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hcp taJ-e-X-s¶-bm-bn-cn¡pw {]tXy-In¨pw PoÀ® cmjv{Sob cwK-t¯-¡pÅ Ah-fpsS {]th-i-\w. A¯-c-samcp kzbw XIÀ¨-bn-te¡v hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]Icw ]pcp-j³ \nÀÆ-ln-¡m-sX-t]mb kv{Xo¡v th­n-bpÅ cmjv{Sob ]cn-{i-a-§sf Ipdn¨v Bß hnNn-´\w \S-¯p-I-bmWv th­-Xv. Ah-\-hÄ¡p-th­n {]hm-N-Iob lrZ-b-s¯-sSbpw JpÀ-B-\nI {]tNm-Z-\-§-tfm-sSepw ]cn-{i-an-¡p-¶-h-\m-I-s«. Xsâ _m[y-X-Isf Ipdn¨v Ah³ IqSp-X Xncn-¨-dn-hp-Å-h-\m-I-s«. X§fn h¶p-t]mb D¯chm-ZnXz iq\y-X-Isf Ipdn¨v Ah³ \qdp-h«w Btem-Nn-¡-s«. F¦n Ct¸mÄ kDu-Zn-bnse h\nXm a{´n-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶ sjÀao³ Dss_Zv Nnt\m-bnsb Ipdn¨v ho­pw \ap¡v ]pkvX-I-§-sf-gp-Xn-¡m³ ]äpw. ]pcp-jXzw {]ZÀin-¸n¨ ]pcpj cmjv{So-b-¯nsâ kv{Xo tkh-\-§sf Ipdn¨v. Xms\-Sp¯ Z temÌv P\-td-j³kv F¶ kn\n-a-bn _mey-Im-e-¯nsâ shÃp-hn-f-Isf Ipdn¨pw inip ]oT-\-s¯-Ip-dn-¨p-amWv AhÀ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Hcp kv{Xo F¶-\n-e-bn Xsâ {]Xn-tj[w sslth Hm^v Sntb-gvkn AhÀ {]ZÀin-¸n-¡p-¶p-­-s{X.

17 AtX-k-abw ]qÀÆ-Ime Ckvem-anI kaq-l-¯nÂ\n¶v kv{XoIfpw Ipªp-§fpw A\p-`-hn¨ alm kpc-£-sb-Ip-dn¨v tImfvUv I¬^À«n ]d-bp-¶p-ap-­v. F¦n-en-\nbpw ]pcpj kaq-l¯nsâ ]p\À hnNn-´-\hpw cmjv{Sob ]ucp-jhpw Ckvem-anI kz`m-h-¯n Xncn-¨p-h-cn-I-bm-sW-¦n kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä bYmw-hs® \nd-th-d-s¸-Spw. ]n¶oSv sjÀao³ Xs¶tbm atä-sX-¦n-ep-samcp {]Xn-`tbm ho­pw tKmÄUv I¬^À«v F¶ t]cntem atäm- C-kvem-anI ]pcpj cmjv{Sob al-Xz-¯nsâ DZvtLm-j-W-§Ä \S-¯n-s¡m-Åpw. F¦nte AÃmlphpw kÖ-\-§fpw \s½ ]pcp-j-·m-cmbn DZvtLm-jn-¡p-I-bpÅq F¶Xv \mw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I. kn\n-a-b-Ã, HdnPn-\-embn Pohn-Xw-Xs¶ kv{Xo kpc-£-bp-tS-Xm-¡p-I. \_n(-k)-bpsS h\nXm cmjv{Sob ZÀi-\-¯nsâ ]pcp-jXzw A§s\ hos­-Sp-¡-s¸-S-s«.

Refrences
1. www.saudi-us-relations.org
2. www.mahjuba.org
3. www.islamcity.com
4. Search- cairouniversity/civilization/utube/Dr.umaima
5. X^vko-dpÀdm-knþ ss_dq¯v
6. X^vko-dp AkvdmÀ. hmeyw 7þ Zmdp-Ê-emw, sIbvtdm
8. X^vko-dp I_oÀþ C_v\p Ad_n (d)
9. tUm: iloZ Bew, ssiJv kmCZv sse{_-dnþ jmÀP
10. Central Conference of Central and Southern Europe- report 2006
11. kv{Xo tcmK-§Ä¡v {]hm-N-I-ssh-Zywþ sF.-sF.-Fw.-Fkv. 2005

12. Alvan-b-¯pÀdq¯vþ jmlv hen-¿p-Ãm-ln-±-lvehn . www.islamset.com

13. Human development report. 2007
14. leading ladies- Adam Publishers.
15. www.iums.ac.lale.org , Search- Lale/ sublim quran
16. Outlines of Muhammedan law- Ed- Dr. Tahir Mahmood (Oxford press)
17. www.sharmeenobaidfilms.com